Prokaryotic:
1. Has no nucleus. The DNA is located in the nucleoid region, which is unbound.
2. Has no membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic:
1. The DNA is located in the nucleus, which is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope.
2. Has membrane-bound organelles.
In animal cells, but not plant cells:
1. Lysosomes
2. Centrioles
3. Flagella
In plant cells, but not animal cells:
1. Chloroplasts
2. Central vacuole with tonoplast
3. Cell wall
4. Plasmodesmata
Main Function of Ribosomes
- Carry out protein synthesis in:
-Outside of the endoplasmic reticulum, E.R., (bound ribosomes)
Main Functions of Smooth E.R.
- Synthesize lipids
- Metabolize carbohydrates
- Stores calcium ions that trigger muscle contractions
- Detoxify poison in the liver
Main Function of Rough E.R.
- Produce proteins and membranes that are distributed by transport vesicles
Main Functions of Golgi Apparatus
- Modify the products of the E.R.
- Manufacture certain macromolecules
- Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles
Main Functions of Vacuoles
- Contractile Vacuole: Pump extra water out of the cell
- Central Vacuole: Hold organic compounds and water
Main Functions of Lysosomes
- Recycle organelles and macromolecules
- Hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids
Main Function of Peroxisomes
- Produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it into water
Main Functions of Ctoskeleton
- Interacts with motor proteins to produce motility
- Supports the cell and maintains the cell's shape
Main Functions of Microtubules
- Separate chromosomes during cell division
- Shape the cell by resisting compression
- Guide the movement of organelles
Main Functions of Microfilaments
- Resist pulling forces (bear tension)
- Help to support the cell's shape by creating a 3-dimensional network inside of the cell's plasma membrane
Animal Cell: Plant Cell:
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